Vitiligo

Intro – Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterised by the loss of pigmentation, leading to the development of white patches on the skin. These patches can appear anywhere on the body and often have irregular shapes. Vitiligo occurs due to the destruction of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing the pigment melanin that gives colour to the skin, hair, and eyes. As a result, the affected areas lose their colour and appear pale or white.

Causes

  • Genetics: Genetic predisposition is considered a significant factor in vitiligo. Family history plays a role, as individuals with a family member who has vitiligo are at a higher risk of developing the condition.
  • Autoimmune Factors: Vitiligo is often considered an autoimmune disorder. In autoimmune conditions, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, in this case, the melanocytes. Autoimmune factors, such as genetic susceptibility and immune system dysfunction, contribute to the destruction of melanocytes.
  • Neurogenic Factors: Some research suggests that neural factors, including changes in nerve growth factors or neurotransmitters, could play a role in the development of vitiligo.
  • Viral or Bacterial Infections: Some researchers suggest that viral or bacterial infections could trigger vitiligo in genetically predisposed individuals. However, more research is needed to establish a clear link.